Pile and pile driving



Sept. 12, 1933. A G. RQT|NQFF 1,926,962

PILE AND PILE DRIVING Filed Dec. 21, 1931 025%n m- IIIL l t j able mandrel with an kanvil axially adjustable4 along the mandrel by which the pile shoe isv fss Patented Sept. 12, 1933 UNITED. STA

PILEl AND. vPILEH D'RVING Alexander George Rotinof, London, England Application December 21,1' 1931, serial No.

582,396," and` lin Great'V Britain January 5,

This invention is an improvementl or modi.

driven into the earth and which alsoy applies cushioned blows to a hollow pile shaft (which is subsequently to be -filled in with` concrete) built in situ around the mandrel and resting at its lower end upon the shoe. Y

One ofthe objects of my present invention is to provide a simple and convenient method and means whereby the tubular sections constituting the hollow pile shaft can -be-assembled around the mandrel prior to driving so that the whole pile can be readily driven kto any desired depth without the necessity for repeatedly inserting new sections of the pile shaft in position during driv-v ing. Y

Other objects of my present invention are to provide means for strengthening the abutting faces or edges of the sections of the hollow pile to withstand the force of the driving blows-and also to resist penetration by water and soil through thejoints and meansfor connecting the shoe to the hollow pile shaft, and the sections of' the latter to one another'to enable the pile to be passed through weak strata or water before meeting resistance requiring the application of `rdriving blows.

In accordance with my` present invention, I provide means for threading the tubular sections upon the mandrel before driving commences so as to accumulate thereon suicient sections for the length of pile to be driven without the necessity of lifting the mandrel to a great height above the ground and obviating the necessity of withdrawing the mandrel after'driving one section so as to place a further section in position for driving. By this means I am enabled to complete the driving of.a pile of ordinary length in one uninterrupted driving operation. Further by usingv an outfit comprising a housing, a hammer in said housing and means for attaching the housing to the pile mandrel, I can effect the assembly of the pile sections uponV the mandrel by the use of the rope by which the outfit is suspended from a crane or the like, the rope, chain or the like which lifts the` pile sections being suspended from the housing or mandrelhead.

I also provide a band to overlap the joint between each pair of superposed pile sections and between the shoe and the pile section above, such band lying in a peripheral recess in each of the v,2 olainisjwl. 61-78) Y adjacent parts, such bands strengthening the sections against bursting and against lateral and relative circular movements; they also .prevent s oil or water entering,` between the abutting faces of the section during driving. n

Referringrto the accompanying sheet of vexplanatory drawingsz'- f Figures 1'4 are views'showing the method ofv threading the pile sections on tothe mandrel.

Figures 5 and 6 are part elevations and part sectional elevations vshowing the bands at the abutting faces of sections and of the shoe, and asection Figure 5 showing a modied arrangement of the bands between two'pile sections.

The same referencev letters in the different views .indicate the same or similar parts.

In Figures `1 4, thermeans for accomplishing the threading operation consists in a unitary outfit (comprising aV housing b, a hammer m in said housing and means for connecting the top of the mandrel c to the housing) suspendedby a singlerope o from a crane.v To the top ofthe mandrel or of the hammer housing b is secured a rope or chain a. hanging freely alongside the vmandrel c'andb'eing of sufficient length that a loop ca n be madethereof at the bottom of the mandrel'vto embrace a pile section, a hook d upon therrope or chain vpermitting the latter readily to be made into a loop or sling around the pile section. The mandrel c is first raised and a pile section e placed beneath it, Aas shown in Figure 1. The mandrel is then lowered into the pile `section and a sling or loop formed around the lat` ter, as shown in Figure 2. The mandrel is now lifted again, when it carries the pile section with it. A further pile section f is placed beneath the mandrel, as shown in Figure 3, and the mandrel lowered into it, whenthe section e upon the `mandrelwill be raised by the new section f. The sling or loop will vfree itself or'slacken and is now placed around the new section f, when the mandrel is againraised with the two sections thereon, and a further section placed beneath. The operations are repeated until `a suicient number of sections are accumulated upon the mandrel for the complete length of pile t0 be driven with preferably an additional section or two. At the final lifting of the mandrel, all the pile sections under the adjustable anvil n are supported by the sling or loop around the lowest section, as shown in Figure 4. 'Ihe pile and mandrel are now slewed by the crane to the point where driving is to be performed and may be lowered on to the shoe g, see Figure 4. When the soil is under Water or soft, the shoe may be Gill SOB

ICD

iixed to the lowest pile section and the whole pile lowered until it meets resistance necessitating the operation of the hammer. The rope or chain is freed from the lowest pile section before driving proceeds. The shoe may, if desired, be detachably held up to the bottom of the mandrel as by the hoop` h `and chain or rope i, Figure 5, for manipulation purposes, instead of to the lowest pile section. If after driving is completed some sections of the pile remain above the ground, the sling or loop is placed around the lowest of the exposed sections and so all the exposed sections will be lifted with the mandrel when it is withdrawn froirl'the pile. By the aforesaid arrangement, I am enabled toV simplify the tackle requisite for pile formation, to economize in driving time and reduce the labour expended in driving the pile.

With my improved method of drivingfi'n which all the pile sections may beassembled upon .the mandrel vbeforedriving commences, it is important that the pile sections shall be able tostand the hammer blows, `the lateral "vibrations and movements of the mandrel during driving, Yand also shall not be damaged during the rebounds which follow the blows. The difliculties in this connection are increased because the pilel sections above ground level have not the'earth to support and grip them. I have found that piles having concrete male and female spigots at the end of the tube sections cannotwithstand satisfactorily the lateral vibrations due to the blows. Also that the concrete is weakened by the shaping of the engaging faces. To meet the aforesaid difliculties, I provide a steel or like metal band y' (Figure 5) which overlaps the joint between each pair of superposed Vpile sections as eand f and lies in a recess formed in the peripheral surface of each pile adjacent to its end face.v The band is preferably flush with the pile surface, as shown. It strengthens the sections vagainst bursting and against lateral movement, and prevents relative movements in a circular direction which would cause different parts of the adjacentfaces to be in contact during successiveblows, which I find to` be a frequent cause of fracture ofpile sec-- tions. The bands also prevent soil entering between the abutting faces of the pile sections which would make the pressure -between adjacent surfaces during driving unevenY and so tend to produce fractures. VA further advantage of the bands is that they can be used to prevent the penetration of water or silt into the-pile. I may coat the inside of the band or the recessed parts of the pile sections with tar, pitch, or like, substances t to make the joints between the bands and pile sections water tight. If desired, bands may be placed both on the inside and on the `outside of the pile sections and grunted, as indicated at t1. This arrangement is shown in Figure 6 in which the inner band is lettered k. The lowest pile section may be connected to the shoe g in the same way by a band or bands, as and k, with a coating of tar to make a watertight joint. The bands are preferably a good fit upon the pile sections and shoe. In Figurev 5, a single band '7' is shown between the pile section f and shoe Ag, the tar being indicated at t.

If a pile of very considerable length is to be :.driven, the mandrel may be made in sections, and

after one with its pile sections thereon has been driven, a second mandrel (with its pile sections thereon) 'may be secured to the first mandrel and driving be continued. When driving is completed, the second mandrel is disconnected from the first and raised with any pile sections still above ground level. vThe rst mandrel section is then-withdrawn, leaving the complete length ofpile clear, dry and ready for inspection and concretingl It will `be* understood that the anvill m which' is above the top pile section 'e during driving will be adjusted axially along the mandrel asin my and consequent tightening of the joints.- yThis will ensure `thatcontact is maintained between the lowermost section and the shoe g and'that the joints will not open during rebound and allow water to enter-the pile or soil to get in between the abutting surfaces. f

What I 'claim is: 1. The process of assembling the partsiof a sectional pile casing and sinking said casing which comprises assembling one section of the pile casingV arounda mandrel that is to be drivenv to sink the casing, raising the mandrel-land. said section while said section is around the mandrel highY enough to'v place under it a second section set on end,flowering the mandrel and first section onto the end of the second section, suspending the second section from a point above theman-- drel, raising the mandrel with boththe sections around the mandrel to repeat the operation until the desired number of sections have been accumu-v lated upon the mandrel, then sinking their'nan-i drel andthe sections. f Y v v f f 'f 2; 'A pile driving equipment comprising a ham#-v mer, a frame therefor, a mandrel and a plurality of sections of pile casing surrounding the mandrel and adapted to be placed end 'to end one above another; and a chain suspended from saidfhou's-y ing andadapted to be attached at its lower end tothe lowest section of 'said casing, andan ad justable anvil around the mandrel abovethe top-f most section. n 1 Y' GEORGE ROIINOFF.' l 

